What cost for we should construct the house?

Mikola MAKSIMOVICH

In a life of any person the main role is played with a place of his residing, is it a countryside or city. And where the person would not live, his destiny is always closely connected to the native house (an apartment, a room) in which he carries out a significant part of time. Presence of a separate house, a good apartment always was and will be the precondition of happy home life, fruitful work and high-grade rest. Whether the ordinary Belarusian can expect for it now? I shall not be betrayed to philosophical reasoning, and I suggest considering of concrete vital example. Let's take, for example, young family from two people. Both with higher education: she the teacher, and he the engineer. In fact it is quite widespread specialties - as during Soviet times. We shall assume that they live together with the parents. Particularly with whom, with parents of the wife or the husband, it in fact is unimportant. On what a newly-married couple can expect? We admit, at both wages on 300-400 dollars a month, and they, certainly, want to construct a two-room apartment. As you see, the level of salaries is quite real for today and need for such apartment too real. As one-room apartment there is no sense to build - the child will be born, and all begin in a new fashion. Today the usual two-room apartment with the aggregate area of 52-57 sq. meters in the market of the real estate costs more than 100 thousand dollars. If this young family will live only on one salary in 300-400 dollars it should save for such apartment of money more than 20 years. In general, up to achievement of a pension age can have time to buy an apartment. What output from this, in essence, an impasse is? Certainly, you tell - credits or the mortgage. We shall start with credits and all over again from the credit in accordance with general practice. I shall not result all credit information on the basic Belarusian banks, as it almost identical. These banks give dollar credits (both with the guarantee of the physical person, and without the guarantee) under 12-14 % annual for the period of 15-20 years in volume 70, 80 and even 90 % from cost of an apartment. Whether our young family can take such credit? Clearly, that cannot. And to it such credit, most likely, also will not give. It cannot take and the soft loan in 3-5 % of annual payments for the period of 20 years. It does not rescue young family and the help of the state which makes at a birth of the first child of 10 % from the sum of debts under the credit; the second child - 20 %; at presence of three minor children - 50 %; four - 70 %; five and more children - 100 %. Thus, with credits all became clear. Well, and what the mortgage will give our family? I shall remind, that the House of Representatives of Belarus at plenary session on May, 14, 2008 has approved in the second reading the bill "About the mortgage". The document will come into force on December, 27 this year. If to listen to our financiers with introduction of the mortgage of any basic changes it is not expected. For its development still it is necessary to solve many problems. And, most likely, at realization of hypothecary crediting Belarus will be guided by Russia. There in due time started with 15 % annual. To tell the truth, today the rate of the hypothecary credit, for example, in Moscow makes 8 % and is planned to lower it in further to 7-6 %. It is known, that some categories of citizens in Russia already buy habitation under the mortgage on 6-7 % annual, and the rest pays extra the state for them. In Belarus there are expected to start from the high rate which then should go down in the natural way. That you could see opportunities of the mortgage, I shall result some data on the advanced countries. So, for example, hypothecary credits in Japan are given out under 0,5 %, in England - a maximum under 2 %, in the USA now - up to 5,5 %, in China - 6 %. Thus terms of repayment of such credits in these countries make 25-30 years, and even all 40. And in Belarus even preferential credits are given a maximum for 20 years. Whether hypothecary crediting in Belarus effective means of the decision of housing problem begins? Can and begins, but in the long-term future. For now there is a number of the essential circumstances blocking development of the mortgage in our country. Among these circumstances it is possible to name high cost of habitation and simultaneously low solvency of potential borrowers. Very few people are capable to buy «from zero » an apartment in capital, paying then under the credit of 500-800 dollars every month. Besides today the price of square meter exceeds the average salary on the country more than twice while in the western countries the norm considers an opportunity to buy for a monthly patch of habitation of one square meter. Constrain use of the mortgage and high interest rates under housing credits. Monthly payments on repayment of the debt are great, on their payment there would be no income of delivery of an apartment if to consider rent as a source of repayment under the credit. Besides in Belarus the replacement fund of habitation is absent. In fact frequently it is necessary to sell in the beginning the apartment and to pay a so-called payment own means, and already then to construct (or to buy) new, hypothecary. And where, it is asked, to live all this time? In Belarus as there is no secondary market of mortgages. That is the essence of the mortgage, when there is a simple mechanism of repawning of a credit apartment, at us in the country is absent. To remove these obstacles, it will be necessary in addition to already accepted law to bring in a lot of changes to the legislation. The basic barriers on a way of development of the mortgage to Belarus - high interest rates and small terms of given out credits - can be removed as a result of occurrence of the secondary market of mortgages and reduction for banks of the risks connected to impossibility of the reference of collecting on incorporated property. While all this will take place, our young family should wait not one year. So to construct the house in Belarus very dearly costs! Up to new meetings in the Internet, dear readers of the IBK!

Whether fuel and energy famine threatens to us?

Jury SHURYGIN (Russia, Moscow)

Recently us even more often, through mass media frighten of that ostensibly will soon end oil, gas, and then and coal. … Offer the most exotic ways of an output from this crisis. … And from Russian the western mass-media do not lag behind also. All of them as though have agreed. Infinite wars for possession the most important oil deposits … blaze on all globe. The governments of many countries beat alarm …. The atomic engineering of has irrevocably compromised: do not know what to do with nuclear waste products. And as alternative, offer thermonuclear energy which «just about, is already absolutely fast …» But it is best of all that this energy never will be, know those who is engaged to it. Know, but continue to plunder people, in a literal sense, starting up on a wind of hundred billions rubles. And in the West already for a long time turn off researches on controlled thermonuclear synthesis.

All of us know that the country experiences hard times. Fuel, and together with it and energy that results again in the further rise in prices rises in price absolutely everything, and first of all. Gasoline became already more expensive, than in many countries of the world and continues to rise in price … that to all of us to wait in the near future? And whether it is necessary for us to wait? Let's look closely around. … Right at the end 90, there were many publications on opening of Valerian Sobolev from Volgograd. It was informed that he has opened a source of inexhaustible energy; the pre-production model by capacity of 10 kilowatt is created and in Russia will soon build together with Canada factories on release of these generators for all comers. Even the sum of the signed contract - 168 million dollars referred to. But do not build … It is known also Oleg Gritskevich's generator which in a pre-production model, of 1500 kW worked as capacity in Armenia with 1992 for 1997. The government of Russia perfectly knew about it, promised all support. … But … the generator has been constructed on money of rich Armenians. It worked in Armenia and has destroyed during the military conflict. And is E.I.Andreev's opening? It is so-called process of autothermia which allows the automobile "to burn" usual atmospheric air, practically not spending fuel. Thus also toxicity of exhaust gases sharply falls. The device for the realization, the given process has been developed. In 2001 the automobile the VAZ-2106 with the similar device has been submitted for wide display in С-Petersburg. Moreover, the interested person offered for sale similar devices, at the price of all about 4000 rubles (on lorries it is more expensive). With these devices engines with injection of fuel, and also diesel engines especially well work. The charge of fuel can be reduced up to 10-ти time! But too did not give to introduce. But in all mass media already for a long time are widely discussed researches on hydrogen fuel (not having any prospect) and the fuel elements, which are very expensive and dangerous … Group of V.V.Maruhin has created and has tested in Spain the generator of the electric power, capacity of 100 kW, working on a principle of hydraulic ram. Under water lower the small container with the device and under pressure of a layer of water, in it there is a transformation of static pressure, to the high-speed pulsing jet of water rotating the turbine with the generator. And we take designs of Shesterenko or Kondrashov? The air self-accelerate streams work in these designs which can give today already to Russia non-fuel planes, including supersonic or even hypersonic. And it the government of Russia perfectly knows about all! We shall take still an example - opening of our Russian nugget of Motovilov D.N. The person who has created the new theory of power streams, developed generators on this principle and unique transformers, electric motors for the space vehicles, consisting the honorary member of many international societies, the person of year-2007, having the international awards for the works, has been in every possible way slandered in the country and finished with full poverty though his development can give Russia of hundred millions euro arrived only for some years!!! Now on the basis of these developments it is possible to adjust release of portable individual generators of electricity for 1-2 years, it is absolute nothing consuming. There is a theory; tests of pre-production models are carried out. By calculations, the most running generator by capacity of 10 kW will cost approximately 30000 rubles. And further reduction of price up to 10000 is possible. Now the generators are advertised by company "Akoil -energy", a site: www.akoil.ru. I advise all to look their site. Not only that the prices are outrageous, and conditions extortionate so also these generators have no patent cleanliness, therefore are protected by very expensive special means for self-liquidation, in case of the non-authorized opening. Anything similar is not present in our designs. All is protected by blocks of patents. But we can offer not only generators of free energy, but also the special electric motors consuming considerably smaller size of capacity, than capacity developed by them on a shaft. For their manufacturing it is not required radical reorganization of factories of electromechanical engineering. Any laws of physics are not broken, and on the contrary are completely carried out. It is including the law of conservation of energy. In fact the person cannot energy neither create, nor destroy! It is gift of the God to people! And we have simply found one their possible ways as this energy to receive. And people similar to us in our Great Native land to not consider! If all Russians will demand from the government of introduction of the given technologies to not depend on Chubays and other oligarchs in some years will disappear unnecessary more LET with their web of wires and failures, the grounds which are flooded with water basins of HYDROELECTRIC POWER STATION will return, will not be ash-disposal area and very dangerous nuclear burial grounds! Air again becomes clean and vivifying, and our children and grandsons will be healthier. Growling and smoking automobiles will disappear and electromobiles not polluting air will run on roads of Russia graceful, simple, and inexpensive, not demanding any filling stations. The agriculture will receive technics which will not consume some fuel and consequently of the price for all products will reduce. On the basis of our development it is possible to revive army and fleet in the shortest terms! They will receive essentially new fighting machines, unique by the opportunities. It will be possible to build submarines and the ships not with nuclear and electric motors. Operation of technics will sharply be reduced the price also, in fact fuel is not required! Variants of electric motors for the ships and submarines are now studied. Necessary technical decisions are already found. And on us with you depends, it becomes a reality or again will be nothing, except for increasing poverty … Now in Penza the Center of the new power based on non-fuel principles is created. Creation of joint-stock company for the organization of mass production of the given devices is planned. In fact initial means are required significant, within the limits of several billions rubles, and to small group of people this business to not master. Therefore it is faired and considerable businessmen for participation in it are invited, I shall not be afraid to tell the unique enterprise. Who is able to count, quickly will understand, that till now there was no similar project on the importance, and any more it will not be possible. Many times over the big means threw out and till now throw out on projects frankly harmful to the country. And our project will be paid back for some years, and will constantly make escalating profit. I am going have lowered in article the scientific side of a question, it for readers is not too important. The main thing - we have a real opportunity within approximately two years to begin mass release of generators, and years through 10 - many Russians of them will already have. It is not necessary to be afraid of economic shocks as us frighten. Are shocked, there will be only oligarchs and that slightly. In fact oil, gas, coal is a raw material for the chemical industry. Therefore at the certain level extraction of raw material will be kept. Process will smoothly go, will simply not enter the new centralized electric capacities, the personnel will gradually send on pension, capacities in process of deterioration to deduce. But new workplaces and the main thing will be created - Russia will revive, and people become energetically independent. The government also is afraid of this independence, therefore in every possible way slings mud at founders of non-fuel technologies and speaks lips of the bribed academicians of the Russian Academy of Science, that the non-fuel power is impossible. Do not trust them! Such power for a long time is created, the first installations worked in 19-th century. … It is including in Russia. And we suggest to return to similar power, only already at a modern level. All opportunities for this purpose are at Russia. And any fuel and energy famine does not threaten mankind. We offer very fast, real and inexpensive way for revival of Russia. And it is not only Russia ….

I live and breathe a full breast

Eleonora SREBROSKY (USA, Baltimore) Competition

Dear readers of the Internet-newspaper Belaruskaja Krynitsa we in the newspaper pay the big attention to various problems which arise in ours enough complex life. We try to write about everything that is interesting to all of you. And you always respond letters to each such our publication. In the letters you frequently ask questions interesting you, many of which concern an economic situation of people in the post Soviet republics and in the leading countries of the world. You ask to publish in the IBK everything that characterizes standards of living in these countries. Dear friends, you should understand, that we yet have no correspondents abroad and we have no a similar trustworthy information. And that is in the Internet, does not meet our requirements. But the Internet also is good that our newspaper IBK has the readers in various corners of planets. Therefore we have addressed to some readers with the request to help us with the decision of this uneasy task. To one of those who has responded to our request and has kindly agreed to help us, the remarkable person and beautiful woman Eleonora Srebrosky, the American expert is according to the real estate from state Maryland. We also bring to your attention her letter in our edition. And that it was easier to you to be guided in the prices, we from the sanction of the author of the letter bring them in conformity with our system of measurement of weight and volume.

Hello, dear edition and dear readers of the IBK! Greetings to all of you from Baltimore, a seaport at East coast USA, the largest city of state Maryland. Many people count Baltimore capital of staff as it on size and the importance considerably surpasses Annapolis. Baltimore has been based in 1729. And to not tell about this city though a pair of words, probably, it would be simply unfair. The well-known American writer and the critic Edgar Alan Po, the ancestor of the detective literature, lived and have died in Baltimore. The city is unusual both the history, and modern events. Acquaintance with Baltimore is better for beginning with quay Inner Harbor that all easy in the beginning to inhale replenisher aroma of city and to admire beauty of gulf Chesalic, the beautiful ships, framing harbor, keeping a history of city and to this day fascinating tourists the greatness. Then it is possible to visit parks of Baltimore, to take a walk and have a rest alone with the nature, to feed fiber, ducks, and seagulls. What only wild living creatures you will not see here in a city boundaries! And further, if there is time and interest, it is possible to start to get acquainted with streets of the city. It hardly you will name lovely and cosy. It is the industrial center representing to an eye of the curious tourist not only masterpieces of architecture, but also reinforced-concrete landscapes, symbols of a mad rhythm of a modern life, and even not absolutely attractive rather dirty areas where the townspeople with the low income live. City typically American, from about what speak - one-storey America. It are narrow side streets, small houses, and slow people. In Baltimore there are not enough skyscrapers. But that is, will amaze anyone with the grandness and architecture of a modernist style. Certainly, Baltimore is especially beautiful in the evening! Illumination will highlight all exotism, dazzle and will fascinate. And twilight will hide all unattractive flaws of industrial Baltimore. It is very briefly about city in which I live seven years. I come from Russia, from city of Chelyabinsk. As I have got in the USA, I shall not tell, and I shall tell only that interest you. In what to the country the person lived, all of us are consumers, and each time when I am on the Native land, to me set approximately same set of standard questions. They are very important; in fact all of us visit shops to make necessary purchases. Under the prices in shops and, in particular, under the prices for articles of food it is easy to define a standard of living in any country. Let's take a walk together on an average American supermarket and we shall look, than it meets the daily visitors. The prices for the same food stuffs in the USA very different also depend on shop, from day of week and many other reasons. I shall start with meat products. A bird is. To buy the hen it is possible by carcass. But it will be more often separately chicken breasts, separately alulas, separately legs. The kg (in the USA the weight is measured by pounds - 453, 6 grammes) chicken breasts without a skin and bones costs somewhere 7-9 dollars. Chicken legs (it are not hocks, and the bottom part of a leg) - from one dollar for kg up to two. Chicken alulas cost 2-4 dollars. The price depends on what they, with a bone or without, with a skin or without. A beef is. Here it is possible to lay out the whole register of the prices for different parts of the beef ink. The cheap, probably, will be a liver somewhere 3.5 dollars for kg. The lumpy beef for hot costs cheaply: 6-10 dollars for kg. Pork - the same ranges. If meat is on bone then it costs more cheaply. Perfect pieces of meat for preparation on a grill (very popular meat product) will cost 6-8 dollars for small slice (a la carte - about 250 grammes). The pork, chicken, beef, turkey filling costs somewhere from 5 up to 11 dollars for kg. These are the prices for meat which is sold in not frozen kind. The frozen meat goes under the prices more cheaply. Sausage products and cheeses are sold the same under very different prices. The kg of a ham or roast beef costs somewhere from 13 up to 22 dollars. In the same range cheeses cost also. It is possible, certainly, to eat sausage and for 7-8 dollars for kg, but I do not own the exact information at the price of discount shops. In my area of them is not present, and my family, as well as many usual families, does not live in a mode of rigid economy and on meal does not save. Milk is. Milk is sold both in packages and in plastic bottles by pints or gallons. The price differs from mark of the manufacturer and size of fat content. So, for example, bottle of milk in capacity of one gallon (3.78 litres) costs 4 dollars or about it. The jar of sour cream in weight one pound (453, 6 grammes) costs somewhere 2.5-2.8 dollars. The pound of butter costs 4-5 dollars, depending on firm of the manufacturer. Sunflower oil is. It here it is a lot of kinds. More often buyers use not so much sunflower, how many olive, corn or simply vegetable oil. Its price depends on firm of the manufacturer and the sold volume. If the bottle with oil is large then price of oil on unit of volume is less. The plastic liter bottle of oil costs on the average 3-4 dollars. But during too time for 5-6 dollars it is possible to buy bottle where there will be almost 3 litres of sunflower oil. Eggs are. Eggs are sold in boxes by dozens or on one and a half dozens (12 or 18 pieces). The price depends on the size (medium, large, jumbo). The price of eggs approximately is 1.8-2.5 dollars for a dozen. It is, certainly, chicken eggs. Any others are sold also. But I about this exotic do not know, as them never I buy. A fish is. Here the fillet besides depends on that, it or with a bone, homebrew or imported, fresh or frozen. So the fillet of a fresh salmon costs 18-22 dollars for kg, a fresh tuna - about 22 dollars. The perch and other fish are sold more often in the frozen kind and there are 11-22 dollars for kg depending on packaging and the countries of the importer. Fruit are. Apples cost 3-5 dollars, pears - 4-7 dollars, plums and apricots cost somewhere 4-7 dollars for kg. Water-melons, melons and pineapples are sold by the piece. So the huge water-melon (by weight about 10 kg) costs 5-6 dollars. The melon costs about 2-3 dollars, pineapple - about 3-4 dollars. It happens, that they cost more dearly, it happens - more cheaply. All depends on a season and day of week. Oranges cost 4-5 dollars for kg. Tangerines are sold more often in packing in such wooden pretty small box. There are about two kilograms of a tangerine and they cost about 6-8 dollars. Berries (a strawberry, a raspberry, a bilberry, a blueberry and others) too differ under the price depending on a season, the manufacturer and day of week. Berries are sold in plastic perforated boxes in weight approximately from 200 grammes up to kg. The small box of a strawberry costs from 1.3 up to 3 dollars. Raspberry in the same box will be from 3 up to 4 dollars. The grapes - from 3 up to 7 dollars for kg depending on a grade and other is higher than the listed factors. The potato, cabbage, beet and carrots cost from one dollar and more for kg. If the big packing it turns out more cheaply is bought. The potato is sold as and by the piece. These are special big potatoes for baking in the furnace (baking potatoes). Such potato costs about one and a half dollars for a piece. Alcoholic drinks are. The cheapest vodka costs from 7 dollars for a half-liter bottle. Fairly to admit, I never on a visit saw such vodka on a table. Holidays and the companies in a daily American life - not such often phenomenon, and in it alcoholic traditions is little bit others. Therefore to visitors will submit more likely something more decent on quality. Average quality vodka costs from 15 dollars for a bottle in capacity of 0.7 litres. Russian vodka is expensive enough - from 25 dollars for the same bottle. The most popular vodka (Absolute, Grey Goose, Three Olives, and Tanqueray) costs from 22 up to 35 dollars for a bottle of 0.7 litres. Cost of cognac depends on ageing and the country of the manufacturer. My favorite cheap cognac Hardy costs 18 dollars for a bottle of 0.7 litres. From not cheap cognacs, cognacs Curvuazje, Hennessey and Remy Martin cost from 30 up to 45 dollars for a bottle. Whisky, tequila, gin and rum cost from 15 dollars and more for a bottle. Exclusive drinks can cost up to 200 dollars and more. Popular drinks cost 25-40 dollars. Fault is. On the average the bottle good fault in capacity of 0.7 litres costs from 8 up to 15 dollars. All depends on the country of the manufacturer and even state of the wine maker. On sale it is possible to buy even two bottles at the price of one. Red wine not especially differs by from white. The cheapest are some Californian fault. It is possible to buy huge bottle these faults for 11-14 dollars. Their quality quite good, but people consider their student's. That is they for those who is ready to save a little bit on quality for the sake of quantity. Now it is possible to leave safely a supermarket that from the prices for products has ceased to dazzle in eyes, and to touch also other sides of the American everyday lives. Power resources are. We for the house monthly pay the electric company from 350 up to 500 dollars. We pay little bit more than in the summer, as heating on electricity in the winter. But in the summer the conditioner works too on electricity and in the hottest months the account for electricity is practically equal to charges during cold seasons of year. I think, that the usual apartment with two bedrooms in one level uses electricity in a month no more than for 150 dollars. Such apartment will consist at least of 3 rooms as the drawing room and a dining room do not enter into calculation. Apartments at us differ by quantity of bedrooms. Gasoline is. At present it is very uneasy question. Charges on gasoline are significant in the family budget as the public transport of Baltimore is not advanced also the automobile is a daily necessity. Now gasoline with increased octane number costs from 1.05 up to 1.2 dollars for litre. The use of 86-th gasoline is cheaper, almost dollar. The real estate is. Cost of the real estate essentially varies in due course. And if last years these changes were expressed in a rise in prices crisis in the hypothecary market of America in which conditions we live the last couple of years, has very much changed a situation in other side. So the house, which we have bought 2 years ago for 560 thousand (on credit certainly), now costs about 440-460 thousand dollars. The real estate under the price strongly differs by virtue of lines of factors. For example, separately worth houses cost more dearly townhouses (it are the houses adjoining by walls with each other). The cheapest are, certainly, condominiums (in our understanding it are simply apartments). In Baltimore and its vicinities today it is possible to buy two bedrooms condo from 60 up to 200 thousand dollars. The price will depend on area, age of a building, a lay-out, and presence of any pleasant pieces as fireplaces or the built - in garages in ground floors of a building. The average inhabitant of Baltimore lives in townhouse, he either owns the house, or rents. To pay the rent in the given market of the real estate it turns out much more favorably, than to pay the mortgage. Therefore many our inhabitants prefer to not contact purchase of the real estate. So the average rent for family from 3-4 people makes from 850 up to 1500 dollars a month (charges on gas, electricity, water and another here do not enter). Townhouse in Baltimore it is possible to buy from 35 thousand (in black areas) up to 400 thousand dollars. The price level depends on quality of habitation and area, and as from presence of schools. Lot on the ground for construction of a house can be bought always and its cost will depend too on the listed factors. So my lot in 0.3 hectares costs about 180 thousand dollars. Automobiles are. I have bought in 2003 new Volkswagen Jetta for 17 thousand dollars. Then I have paid 500 dollars an initial payment and since then monthly I pay on 233 dollars. Now there were 10 months up to the end of payment of sum. Nobody buys machines from us for cash money. Everyone buy on credit. Interests of automobile credits are much lower, than interests of the credit for the real estate. And, at last, I have reached incomes. Incomes - business thin. My figures will be very approximate as at us it is not accepted to ask questions on incomes. So, for example, two identical teachers at the same school can receive the different salary. All depends on many factors, even personal activity. The one who will not be ashamed to present the abilities in the exaggerated kind, his more modest colleague can receive more money, than. The salary is estimated not by the month, and in one year. The teacher at school can receive from 25 up to 40 thousand dollars one year. It is a little. Highly skilled teachers with scientific degrees in high schools can receive from 60 up to 100 thousand one year. These are figures certainly without a deduction of taxes. Taxes make almost third of income. Doctors and lawyers are an exclusive caste. They have the salary from 100 up to 500 thousand dollars and even above depending on experience and qualification. Well, and as to employees the usual clerk receives 25-35 thousand dollars one year. Girls-secretaries at offices receive 18-25 thousand dollars one year. It is unconditional, far from being all professional categories, but the most popular and familiar to each of us.

That's all that I wanted to tell to you, my dear readers. I hope that you will not get confused in all these figures and can easily compare them with local. At me, unfortunately, it not always turns out. And in each visit to Russia I am anxious I look at price lists, trying to count quantity of the Russian rubles for the American dollars.

Happiness to you and well-being in your life, dear readers of the IBK! I from the bottom of the heart wish it to you and I believe, that in what to the country we lived, to all of us will not prevent a little of success, good mood and the positive attitude to all event! Probably, we still shall meet in the Internet! And now good-bye!